The 1971 and 1992 International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds ("IOPC Funds") provide compensation to the victims of oil spills from tankers in countries which have ratified the 1971 and 1992 Fund
In addition to rocky shores and gravel/sand beaches similar to those found at lower latitudes, several shoreline types are unique to the Arctic. Tundra cliffs, inundated tundra, permafrost and
Once oil is spilled at sea, it will naturally spread, fragment and disperse under the influence of wind, waves and currents. For spills in coastal waters, the oil will often drift towards the
ITOPF promotes effective response to marine spills of oil, chemicals and other hazardous substances by providing five core services. These are usually provided at no cost to our Members,
This paper describes commonly used shoreline clean-up techniques and provides advice on which are best suited to each stage of operations for a range of different shoreline types.
Whilst large oil spills arising from shipping accidents often make dramatic news, most oil spills are small and originate in or near ports. ITOPF oil spill statistics for tankers, for instance,
